Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Biocompatible and Sustainable Sunscreens with Enhanced UV Protection and Antibacterial Activity

Sunscreens play a critical role in protecting the skin from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, including both UVA and UVB rays. Traditional inorganic UV filters, such as chemically synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂), have limitations regarding biocompatibility, cost, and sustainability. This study investigates the effectiveness of green-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) as an alternative, focusing on their potential for UV attenuation in sunscreens. ZnO NPs were synthesized using zinc acetate dihydrate as a precursor, and green synthesis was performed with leaf extracts from Talinum fruticosum and Sauropus androgynus. Sunscreens were formulated by incorporating ZnO NPs at 5%, 15%, and 25% concentrations into a cream base. Characterization was conducted using FTIR, XRD, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The green-synthesized ZnO NPs exhibited superior UV absorption, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties, with the 25% Talinum fruticosum ZnO NP formulation proving most effective. These results demonstrate the viability of green ZnO NPs as a sustainable and functional alternative in sunscreen formulations.