Wind energy has emerged as a prominent renewable energy source, offering a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of wind energy technology, its environmental and social impacts, and future prospects. The historical development of wind energy is discussed, highlighting key milestones and technological advancements. Various wind turbine technologies are examined, including horizontal-axis and vertical-axis designs, as well as recent innovations such as offshore wind farms and floating turbines. The environmental benefits of wind energy, such as reduced greenhouse gas emissions, are contrasted with potential drawbacks, such as wildlife impacts and noise pollution. Integration challenges, such as intermittency and grid stability, are also explored, along with strategies to mitigate these challenges. The review concludes with a discussion of current trends and future prospects for wind energy, emphasizing its role in a sustainable energy future.
